Stringing a 12 string guitar can be a daunting task, but it’s essential for keeping your instrument in good playing condition. With the right tools and a little practice, you can string your 12 string guitar quickly and easily.
Editor’s Note: Stringing a 12 string guitar is an important skill for any guitarist. By following the steps in this guide, you can ensure that your guitar is properly strung and ready to play.
We’ve done the research and put together this comprehensive guide to stringing a 12 string guitar. We’ll cover everything you need to know, from choosing the right strings to tuning your guitar. So whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned pro, this guide has something for you.
Key Differences Between 6 and 12 String Guitars
| Characteristic | 6 String Guitar | 12 String Guitar |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Strings | 6 | 12 |
| String Gauges | Typically lighter | Typically heavier |
| Tuning | Standard tuning (E, A, D, G, B, E) | Standard tuning plus an octave higher (E, A, D, G, B, E, e, a, d, g, b, e) |
| Sound | Brighter, more metallic | Fuller, more resonant |
Step-by-Step Instructions for Stringing a 12 String Guitar
1. Step 1
You will need the following tools and materials to string your 12 string guitar: A new set of 12 string guitar strings A string winder A pair of wire cutters A tuner* A soft cloth
2. Step 2
Use the string winder to loosen the old strings. Once the strings are loose, you can remove them by hand. Be careful not to scratch the guitar’s finish.
3. Step 3
Cut the new strings to the appropriate length. The length of the strings will vary depending on the make and model of your guitar. You can find the correct string length by measuring the old strings.
4. Step 4
Start by threading the low E string through the bridge. Then, thread the remaining strings through the bridge in the following order: A, D, G, B, E, e, a, d, g, b, e.
5. Step 5
Tie the strings onto the tuning pegs using a simple overhand knot. Be sure to leave enough slack in the strings so that you can tune them later.
6. Step 6
Use the tuner to tune the guitar to the desired tuning. The standard tuning for a 12 string guitar is E, A, D, G, B, E, e, a, d, g, b, e.
7. Step 7
Once the guitar is tuned, stretch the strings by pulling them up and down. This will help to stabilize the strings and prevent them from going out of tune.
8. Step 8
Now that your 12 string guitar is strung, you can enjoy playing it! Be sure to practice regularly to keep your skills sharp.
9. Strings
When stringing a 12 string guitar, it is important to use high-quality strings that are specifically designed for this type of guitar. This is because 12 string guitars have a higher tension than 6 string guitars, and standard strings may not be able to withstand the tension and could break.
- Components: 12 string guitar strings are typically made from a combination of nylon and steel. The nylon core provides the string with strength and durability, while the steel wrap wire gives the string its brightness and tone.
- Examples: Some of the most popular brands of 12 string guitar strings include D’Addario, Elixir, and Ernie Ball. These brands offer a variety of string gauges and materials to suit different playing styles and preferences.
- Implications: Using high-quality strings that are specifically designed for 12 string guitars will help to ensure that your guitar stays in tune and plays well. It will also help to prevent the strings from breaking prematurely.
- Additional insights: In addition to using high-quality strings, it is also important to restring your 12 string guitar regularly. This will help to keep the strings fresh and prevent them from losing their tone.
By following these tips, you can ensure that your 12 string guitar is properly strung and ready to play.
10. Tuning
The standard tuning for a 12 string guitar is E, A, D, G, B, E, e, a, d, g, b, e. This tuning is an octave higher than the standard tuning for a 6 string guitar, and it gives the 12 string guitar its characteristic chimey sound.
When stringing a 12 string guitar, it is important to tune the strings to the correct pitch. This will ensure that the guitar sounds its best and that the strings are not damaged.
There are a few different ways to tune a 12 string guitar. The most common method is to use a chromatic tuner. A chromatic tuner will measure the pitch of each string and indicate whether it is in tune. You can also use a tuning fork to tune a 12 string guitar. A tuning fork will produce a specific pitch, and you can use this pitch to tune the strings on your guitar.
Once the strings are tuned, you can stretch them to help them stabilize. Stretching the strings will help to prevent them from going out of tune. You can stretch the strings by pulling them up
and down gently.
Tuning a 12 string guitar can be a bit more challenging than tuning a 6 string guitar, but it is important to take the time to do it correctly. A properly tuned 12 string guitar will sound its best and be more enjoyable to play.
Here is a table summarizing the key insights discussed in this section:
| Key Insight | Explanation |
|---|---|
| The standard tuning for a 12 string guitar is E, A, D, G, B, E, e, a, d, g, b, e. | This tuning gives the 12 string guitar its characteristic chimey sound. |
| It is important to tune the strings to the correct pitch when stringing a 12 string guitar. | This will ensure that the guitar sounds its best and that the strings are not damaged. |
| There are a few different ways to tune a 12 string guitar. | The most common method is to use a chromatic tuner. |
| Once the strings are tuned, you can stretch them to help them stabilize. | Stretching the strings will help to prevent them from going out of tune. |
11. Bridge
The bridge of a 12 string guitar is typically wider than the bridge of a 6 string guitar to accommodate the extra strings. This is because the extra strings on a 12 string guitar require more space to vibrate properly. A wider bridge also helps to distribute the tension of the strings more evenly, which can help to prevent the guitar from warping.
When stringing a 12 string guitar, it is important to make sure that the bridge is properly aligned. The bridge should be centered on the guitar’s body, and the strings should be spaced evenly across the bridge. If the bridge is not properly aligned, it can cause the strings to go out of tune or even break.
The bridge of a 12 string guitar is an important part of the guitar’s overall sound. A properly fitted bridge will help to produce a clear and balanced sound. A poorly fitted bridge can cause the guitar to sound muddy or out of tune.
Here is a table summarizing the key insights discussed in this section:
| Key Insight | Explanation |
|---|---|
| The bridge of a 12 string guitar is typically wider than the bridge of a 6 string guitar. | This is to accommodate the extra strings on a 12 string guitar. |
| A wider bridge helps to distribute the tension of the strings more evenly. | This can help to prevent the guitar from warping. |
| It is important to make sure that the bridge is properly aligned when stringing a 12 string guitar. | This will help to ensure that the strings are in tune and that the guitar sounds its best. |
12. Tuners
When stringing a 12 string guitar, it is important to use accurate tuners to ensure that your guitar is in tune. This is because a 12 string guitar has more strings than a 6 string guitar, and it can be more difficult to tune the strings by ear. Using an accurate tuner will help you to get your guitar in tune quickly and easily.
- Types of tuners: There are two main types of tuners: chromatic tuners and strobe tuners. Chromatic tuners are the most common type of tuner, and they are relatively inexpensive. Strobe tuners are more accurate than chromatic tuners, but they are also more expensive.
- Using a tuner: To use a tuner, simply pluck the string that you want to tune and the tuner will display the pitch of the string. You can then adjust the tuning peg until the tuner indicates that the string is in tune.
- Benefits of using a tuner: Using a tuner can help you to get your guitar in tune quickly and easily. It can also help you to identify and fix intonation problems.
- Implications: Using an accurate tuner is an essential part of stringing a 12 string guitar. By using a tuner, you can ensure that your guitar is in tune and that it sounds its best.
In addition to the benefits listed above, using an accurate tuner can also help you to save time and frustration. If you try to tune your guitar by ear, it can take a long time to get all of the strings in tune. Using a tuner can help you to get your guitar in tune quickly and easily, so you can spend more time playing your guitar and less time tuning it.
13. Knots
When stringing a 12 string guitar, it is important to tie the strings onto the tuning pegs using a simple overhand knot. This type of knot is strong and secure, and it will help to keep the strings in place. Other types of knots, such as the figure-eight knot, can be more difficult to tie and may not be as secure.
To tie an overhand knot, simply follow these steps:
- Pass the string through the hole in the tuning peg.
- Bring the string over the top of the tuning peg.
- Cross the string over itself, forming a loop.
- Pull the string through the loop.
- Tighten the knot.
Once you have tied the knot, you can tune the string to the desired pitch. Be sure to leave enough slack in the string so that you can tune it up or down as needed.
Using the correct knot to tie the strings onto the tuning pegs is an important part of stringing a 12 string guitar. By using an overhand knot, you can ensure that the strings are secure and that the guitar will stay in tune.
Here is a table summarizing the key insights discussed in this section:
| Key Insight | Explanation |
|---|---|
| It is important to tie the strings onto the tuning pegs using a simple overhand knot. | This type of knot is strong and secure, and it will help to keep the strings in place. |
| Other types of knots, such as the figure-eight knot, can be more difficult to tie and may not be as secure. | The overhand knot is a simple and effective way to tie the strings onto the tuning pegs. |
| Be sure to leave enough slack in the string so that you can tune it up or down as needed. | This will allow you to get the guitar in tune and to make any necessary adjustments. |
14. Stretching
Stretching the strings after they are tuned is an important part of stringing a 12 string guitar. Stretching the strings helps to stabilize them and prevent them from going out of tune. When you pluck a string, it stretches slightly. This stretching can cause the string to go out of tune. By stretching the strings before you start playing, you can help to prevent this from happening.
To stretch a string, simply pull it up and down gently. You should feel the string stretch slightly. Repeat this process for all of the strings on your guitar.
Stretching the strings is a simple task that can make a big difference in the sound and stability of your guitar. By taking the time to stretch your strings, you can help to keep your guitar in tune and sounding its best.
Here is a table summarizing
the key insights discussed in this section:
| Key Insight | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Stretching the strings after they are tuned helps to stabilize them. | This prevents the strings from going out of tune. |
| Stretching the strings is a simple task that can make a big difference in the sound and stability of your guitar. | By taking the time to stretch your strings, you can help to keep your guitar in tune and sounding its best. |
15. Maintenance
Regularly cleaning and lubricating the strings and tuning pegs of your 12 string guitar is an essential part of keeping your instrument in good playing condition. Dirt and grime can build up on the strings and tuning pegs over time, which can make it difficult to tune the guitar and can also cause the strings to break. Lubricating the strings and tuning pegs will help to reduce friction and wear, which will extend the life of the strings and tuning pegs.
Here are some tips for cleaning and lubricating the strings and tuning pegs of your 12 string guitar:
- Use a soft, clean cloth to wipe down the strings and tuning pegs.
- Apply a small amount of guitar lubricant to the strings and tuning pegs.
- Tune the guitar to the desired pitch.
- Stretch the strings by pulling them up and down gently.
By following these tips, you can help to keep your 12 string guitar in good playing condition for many years to come.
The importance of “Maintenance: Regularly clean and lubricate the strings and tuning pegs to keep your guitar in good playing condition.” as a component of “stringing a 12 string guitar”
Regularly cleaning and lubricating the strings and tuning pegs of your 12 string guitar is an important part of stringing a 12 string guitar. By keeping the strings and tuning pegs clean and lubricated, you can help to prevent the strings from breaking and you can also help to extend the life of the strings and tuning pegs.
Challenges
One of the challenges of regularly cleaning and lubricating the strings and tuning pegs of your 12 string guitar is finding the time to do it. It is important to make time for this maintenance task, as it will help to keep your guitar in good playing condition.
Conclusion
Regularly cleaning and lubricating the strings and tuning pegs of your 12 string guitar is an essential part of keeping your instrument in good playing condition. By following the tips in this article, you can help to keep your guitar sounding its best for many years to come.
| Key Insight | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Regularly cleaning and lubricating the strings and tuning pegs of your 12 string guitar is an essential part of keeping your instrument in good playing condition. | Dirt and grime can build up on the strings and tuning pegs over time, which can make it difficult to tune the guitar and can also cause the strings to break. Lubricating the strings and tuning pegs will help to reduce friction and wear, which will extend the life of the strings and tuning pegs. |
| Regularly cleaning and lubricating the strings and tuning pegs of your 12 string guitar is an important part of stringing a 12 string guitar. | By keeping the strings and tuning pegs clean and lubricated, you can help to prevent the strings from breaking and you can also help to extend the life of the strings and tuning pegs. |
| One of the challenges of regularly cleaning and lubricating the strings and tuning pegs of your 12 string guitar is finding the time to do it. | It is important to make time for this maintenance task, as it will help to keep your guitar in good playing condition. |
16. Tools
Stringing a 12 string guitar requires the use of specific tools to ensure the proper installation and maintenance of the strings. These tools play a crucial role in the overall process, contributing to the guitar’s playability, sound quality, and longevity.
- String Winder
A string winder is a specialized tool designed to efficiently wind and unwind strings onto the tuning pegs of the guitar. It provides a mechanical advantage, allowing for quick and precise string changes, reducing the risk of string breakage and ensuring proper string tension. - Wire Cutters
Wire cutters are essential for trimming excess string after installation. They provide a clean cut, preventing frayed ends that could interfere with tuning stability or cause discomfort while playing. Using sharp and properly sized wire cutters ensures a precise cut without damaging the strings. - Soft Cloth
A soft cloth is used to wipe down the strings and remove any dirt, dust, or moisture that may accumulate over time. Regular cleaning helps maintain the strings’ tone and longevity by preventing corrosion and preserving their smooth surface.
These tools are indispensable for the proper stringing of a 12 string guitar. Their use contributes to the overall playability, sound quality, and lifespan of the instrument. Regular maintenance and care, including proper stringing techniques and the use of appropriate tools, ensure that the guitar remains in optimal condition for optimal performance.
17. Experience
Stringing a 12 string guitar is a task that requires precision, attention to detail, and a certain level of experience. Unlike 6 string guitars, 12 string guitars have double the number of strings, making the stringing process more complex and time-consuming. Without proper experience and technique, individuals may encounter difficulties in achieving the correct string tension, intonation, and overall playability of the guitar.
The intricate nature of stringing a 12 string guitar demands a methodical approach and an understanding of the instrument’s mechanics. Factors such as string gauge, tuning peg placement, and bridge saddle adjustment all play a crucial role in the guitar’s sound and performance. Inexperienced individuals may struggle to achieve the optimal balance between string tension and intonation, resulting in buzzing, fretting out, or intonation issues.
Furthermore, the delicate nature of 12 string guitar strings requires careful handling and expertise during the stringing process. Excessive tension or improper winding techniques can lead to string breakage, compromising the guitar’s playability and potentially causing damage to the instrument. Experienced individuals possess the knowledge and skills to handle and manipulate the strings with precision, minimizing the risk of breakage and ensuring the longevity of the strings.
While it is possible for beginners to attempt stringing a 12 string guitar, the learning curve can be steep and the results may not be satisfactory. Seeking guidance from experienced guitarists, luthiers, or reputable online resources can provide valuable insights and techniques to enhance the stringing process. With practice and patience, individuals can develop the necessary skills and confidence to string their 12 string guitars effectively, unlocking the instrument’s full potential.
Key Insights
- Stringing a 12 string guitar requires a higher level of precision and attention to detail compared to 6 string guitars due to the increased number of strings.
- Inexperienced individuals may encounter challenges in achieving proper string tension, intonation, and playability when stringing a 12 string guitar.
- Factors such as string gauge, tuning peg placement, and bridge saddle adjustment must be carefully considered to optimize the guitar’s sound and performance.
- Delicate 12 string guitar strings demand careful handling and expertise during the stringing process to avoid breakage and damage to the instrument.
- Practice, guidance from experienced individuals, and reputable resources can significantly enhance an individual’s ability to string a 12 string guitar effectively.
18. Patience
Stringing a 12 string guitar requires meticulous attention to detail and a considerable investment of time. Unlike its six-string counterpart, a 12 string guitar demands precision in handling twice the number of strings, making the process inherently more complex and demanding.
- Planning and Preparation
Prior to embarking on the stringing process, it is crucial to gather the necessary tools, materials, and a clear understanding of the steps involved. Rushing or improvising can lead to errors, incorrect string tension, and potential damage to the guitar.
- String Handling
The delicate nature of 12 string guitar strings necessitates careful handling to prevent breakage or damage. Applying excessive force or using improper techniques can compromise the integrity of the strings, affecting their lifespan and playability.
- Tuning and Intonation
Achieving accurate tuning and intonation on a 12 string guitar is a gradual and iterative process. Each string requires individual attention to ensure proper tension and harmonious interaction with the others. Patience and a keen ear are essential for fine-tuning the guitar to its optimal sound.
- Troubleshooting and Adjustments
During the stringing process, it is not uncommon to encounter minor issues or the need for adjustments. Maintaining a patient and methodical approach allows for careful troubleshooting and resolution of any problems that may arise.
Embracing patience throughout the stringing process of a 12 string guitar not only enhances the outcome but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the instrument and the craft of guitar maintenance. By dedicating the necessary time and attention to detail, guitarists can ensure their 12 string guitars perform at their best, delivering a rich and rewarding musical experience.
19. Caution
Preserving the pristine condition of a guitar’s finish is paramount during the stringing process, especially for delicate 12 string guitars. This cautionary reminder highlights the importance of meticulous handling and careful attention to detail to avoid marring the instrument’s aesthetic appeal and structural integrity.
- Prevention of Cosmetic Damage
A scratched finish not only detracts from the guitar’s visual beauty but can also compromise its value. Scratches can penetrate the clear coat, exposing the underlying wood to moisture, dirt, and other environmental factors that may cause further damage.
- Protection of Structural Integrity
Depending on the depth and severity of the scratch, the guitar’s structural integrity may be affected. Deep scratches can weaken the wood, making it more susceptible to cracks or breaks, especially in areas such as the neck or headstock.
- Maintenance of Resale Value
Guitars with unblemished finishes command higher resale value compared to those with scratches or other cosmetic imperfections. Preserving the original finish contributes to maintaining the guitar’s overall value and desirability.
- Demonstration of Care and Respect
Taking proper care of a guitar, including avoiding scratches during stringing, reflects the owner’s respect for the instrument and its craftsmanship. It demonstrates an understanding of the delicate nature of the guitar and a commitment to preserving its condition.
In conclusion, adhering to this caution is not merely about maintaining the aesthetic appeal of the guitar but also about safeguarding its structural integrity and preserving its value. By exercising care and precision during the stringing process, guitarists can ensure their 12 string guitars continue to deliver optimal performance and visual enjoyment for years to come.
20. Enjoyment
The enjoyment derived from playing a 12 string guitar is intricately connected to the process of stringing it. Stringing a 12 string guitar, while requiring patience and precision, ultimately enables the player to experience the unique and captivating sound of this instrument.
To fully appreciate the connection between stringing and enjoyment, consider the following points:
- Craftsmanship and Connection: The act of stringing a 12 string guitar requires attention to detail and a delicate touch, fostering a sense of craftsmanship and personal connection with the instrument.
- Customized Sound: By carefully selecting and stringing the guitar, players can tailor the sound to their preferences, creating a personalized and expressive musical experience.
- Overcoming Challenges: The successful completion of stringing a 12 string guitar, despite its challenges, brings a sense of accomplishment and enhances the player’s appreciation for the instrument.
Beyond the technical aspects, the enjoyment of playing a 12 string guitar stems from its distinct and evocative sound. The jangly, shimmering resonance of the 12 strings creates a rich and immersive musical tapestry that is both captivating and inspiring.
In conclusion, the enjoyment of playing a 12 string guitar is deeply intertwined with the process of stringing it. The act of stringing fosters a sense of craftsmanship, enables customization, and ultimately unlocks the unique sonic possibilities of this instrument, leading to a profoundly rewarding and enjoyable musical experience.
Key Insights:
| Insight | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Stringing a 12 string guitar requires precision and patience. | This process fosters a sense of craftsmanship and connection with the instrument. |
| Careful string selection and installation allow players to customize the guitar’s sound. | This leads to a personalized and expressive musical experience. |
| Overcoming the challenges of stringing a 12 string guitar brings a sense of accomplishment. | This enhances the player’s appreciation for the instrument and the music it produces. |
| The unique and evocative sound of a 12 string guitar is a source of enjoyment and inspiration. | This sound is a direct result of the careful stringing process. |
FAQs about Stringi
ng a 12 String Guitar
Stringing a 12 string guitar can be an intimidating and time-consuming task. Here are some frequently asked questions and their answers to help you through the process:
Question 1: What type of strings should I use for my 12 string guitar?
Answer: It is recommended to use strings specifically designed for 12 string guitars. These strings are typically thicker and have a higher tension to withstand the increased load on the guitar’s neck.
Question 2: How often should I change the strings on my 12 string guitar?
Answer: The frequency of string changes depends on playing habits and environmental factors. As a general rule, it is recommended to change the strings every 3 to 6 months or more frequently if you play regularly.
Question 3: What is the best way to tune a 12 string guitar?
Answer: Using an electronic tuner is the most accurate and efficient way to tune a 12 string guitar. Alternatively, you can use a tuning fork or harmonics to tune the guitar by ear.
Question 4: How can I prevent my 12 string guitar from going out of tune?
Answer: Several factors can contribute to a 12 string guitar going out of tune, such as temperature changes, humidity, and playing style. To minimize tuning issues, keep the guitar in a stable environment, use high-quality strings, and stretch the strings after tuning.
Question 5: What should I do if a string breaks on my 12 string guitar?
Answer: If a string breaks, it is important to replace it as soon as possible to maintain the guitar’s balance and intonation. Remove the broken string carefully and replace it with a new string of the same gauge and type.
Question 6: Can I string a 12 string guitar with 6 strings?
Answer: While it is technically possible to string a 12 string guitar with 6 strings, it is not recommended. The guitar’s neck and bridge are designed for the tension of 12 strings, and using only 6 strings can cause structural damage.
Summary: Stringing a 12 string guitar requires careful attention to detail and the use of appropriate tools and materials. By following the tips and advice provided in this FAQ section, you can ensure that your 12 string guitar stays in good playing condition and delivers its unique and captivating sound.
Transition: Now that you have a better understanding of the stringing process, let’s explore some additional maintenance tips to keep your 12 string guitar in top shape.
Tips for Maintaining a 12 String Guitar
Proper maintenance is essential to ensure that your 12 string guitar delivers optimal performance and longevity. Here are some valuable tips to help you keep your instrument in top condition:
Tip 1: Regular Cleaning
Regularly cleaning your guitar’s body, neck, and strings is crucial for maintaining its appearance and playability. Use a soft, clean cloth to wipe down the guitar after each use to remove dirt, dust, and fingerprints. For deeper cleaning, use a dedicated guitar cleaner and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Tip 2: String Care
Strings are the heart of your guitar, so proper care is essential. Wipe down the strings with a soft cloth after each use to remove dirt and sweat. Regularly inspect the strings for signs of wear or damage, and replace them promptly if necessary. To maintain optimal intonation and tuning stability, stretch the strings after tuning.
Tip 3: Fretboard Maintenance
The fretboard is a vital component of your guitar’s playability. Clean the fretboard regularly using a fretboard cleaner and a soft cloth to remove dirt and grime. Occasionally, apply a small amount of fretboard oil to nourish the wood and prevent drying out.
Tip 4: Bridge and Saddle Adjustments
The bridge and saddle play a crucial role in intonation and string height. Over time, the bridge and saddle may need adjustments to ensure optimal string action and intonation. If you are not comfortable making these adjustments yourself, consult a qualified guitar technician.
Tip 5: Truss Rod Adjustments
The truss rod helps to maintain the neck’s straightness and curvature. Seasonal changes in temperature and humidity can affect the neck, requiring truss rod adjustments. If you notice any changes in the guitar’s neck relief or string height, consult a qualified guitar technician for proper adjustment.
Tip 6: Environmental Control
Extreme temperatures and humidity can damage your guitar. Store your guitar in a climate-controlled environment with moderate temperature and humidity levels. Avoid exposing the guitar to direct sunlight or sudden temperature changes.
Summary: By following these maintenance tips, you can extend the lifespan of your 12 string guitar and ensure that it continues to deliver exceptional sound and playability for years to come.
Transition: With proper maintenance and care, your 12 string guitar will remain a cherished companion on your musical journey, inspiring you with its unique and captivating sound.
Conclusion
Stringing a 12 string guitar is a task that requires patience, precision, and a deep understanding of the instrument. By following the steps outlined in this comprehensive guide and adhering to the maintenance tips provided, you can ensure that your 12 string guitar remains in optimal playing condition, delivering its unique and captivating sound for years to come.
The journey of stringing a 12 string guitar not only enhances your technical skills but also fosters a deeper connection with your instrument. The act of carefully selecting and installing each string contributes to the guitar’s overall sound and playability, empowering you to customize and personalize your musical experience.
As you embark on your musical journey with your 12 string guitar, remember that proper maintenance is paramount. Regular cleaning, string care, and environmental control will preserve your instrument’s longevity and ensure that it continues to inspire and accompany you on your musical endeavors.
The rewards of stringing and maintaining a 12 string guitar extend beyond the technical aspects. The process fosters a sense of accomplishment, deepens your appreciation for the instrument, and ultimately unlocks the boundless possibilities of musical expression that lie within.
